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Copy the text below {"ops":[{"insert":"Category A\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"environmentally critical projects with significant potential to cause negative environmental impacts. what category?\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"DENR-Secretary\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the ___ determines whether the project IEE may further require an EIS, is acceptable as described, or is an unacceptable\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"ECC\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"x\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"3,6,7\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"hazardous plastic code number\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"undertaking\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"any activity regardless of scale or magnitude which may have significant impact on the environment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"6 months and 10 years\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"for controlled dumpsite, final soil cover shall be completed within ___ from the last receipt of waste and post closure care of ___"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"6 months and 15 years\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"for sanitary landfill, final soil cover shall be completed within ___ from the last receipt of waste and post closure care of ___\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Physiology\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"study of the functions and activities of life and the physical and chemical phenomena involved\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Syngas (Synthetic gas)"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the name given to a gas mixture that contains varying amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Terra Preta"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"literally “black earth” or “black land” In Portuguese, is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil in Amazon Basin, high charcoal content and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bone and manure. It is very stable and remains in the soil for thousand of year"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Biochar"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"is a name for charcoal when it is used for particular purposes, especially as a soil amendment."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Tar"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"substance obtained from organic materials through destructive distillation"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Char"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"solid material remained after light gases (ex. coal gas) and tar have been driven out or released from carbonaceous material during the initial stage of combustion which is known as carbonization, charring, devolatilization, or pyrolysis"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"FLASH PYROLYSIS"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"Temperature rise is essentially instantaneous of over 106°C/sec. The temperature exceed 1200°C."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"RAPID PYROLYSIS"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"Occurs when the temperature rise is fast between 500°C and 106°C/sec. The temperatures reached with this process are over 1000°C."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"INTERMEDIATE PYROLYSIS"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"Takes place at a more rapid temperature rise of 5 to 100°C/sec and reaches temperatures of between 750 and 1000°C."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"SLOW PYROLYSIS"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"Proceeds at a very slow rate of temperature increase, generally less than 1°C/sec, and the final temperature range is between 500 and 750°C"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Low emission\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Pyrolysis is known for _____ to environment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Pyrolysis\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"It is a destructive distillation or combustion in the absence of oxygen (no reaction with oxygen and other reagents but can take place in their presence). Products are solid, liquid, and gas it is a special case of thermolysis. Most commonly used for organic materials\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Moving Grate Incinerator"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"movement of wastes through combustion chamber to be optimized to allow efficient and complete combustion"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Rotary Kiln Incinerator"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"rotating combustion chamber that keeps waste moving mixing with air to allow them to vaporize for easier burning\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Integrated SWM"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Define as the selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies, and management programs to achieve specific waste management objectives\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Lignocellulose"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a combination of lignin and cellulose\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Lignin"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a polymeric material containing aromatic rings with methoxyl groups, that exact nature of which is still not known\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Cellulose"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"a condensation product of the six carbon sugar glucose"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Hemicellulose"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a condensation product of five and six carbon sugars\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"fusing point of ash\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Defined as that temperature at which the ash resulting from the burning of waste will form a solid (clinker). Typical fusing temperature range for the formation of clinker from solid waste: 2000-2200 degree fahrenheit (1100-1200 degree celsius)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Hydraulic Conductivity"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"an important physical property that, to a large extent, governs the movement of liquids and gases in a landfill"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Field capacity "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Total amount of moisture that can be retained in a waste sample subject to the downward pull of gravity\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Other\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Plastic code 7\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Polystyrene\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Plastic code 6\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"polypropylene\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Plastic code 5\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Low density polyethylene\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Plastic code 4\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"polyvinyl chloride\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Plastic code 3\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"high density polyethylene\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Plastic code 2\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Polyethylene terephthalate\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Plastic code 1\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"transfer station\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Intermediate collection sites called _____ are usually recommended if the final disposal site is located far from the waste collection points. \n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"municipal\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"The collection of non-recyclable materials and special wastes "},{"insert":"shall be the responsibility of the ______.\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"barangay level\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"\n"},{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Segregation and collection of solid waste "},{"insert":"shall be conducted at the ____ specifically for\nbiodegradable, compostable and reusable wastes\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"14, 3\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The Commission shall be composed of ___, members from the government sector and ___ members from the private sector.\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Recycling"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to the treating of used or waste materials through a process of making them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes, and includes any process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original products may lose their identity, and which may be used as raw materials for the production of other goods or services."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Schedule of Compliance"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to an enforceable sequence of actions or operations to be accomplished within a stipulated time frame leading to compliance with a limitation, prohibition, or. standard set forth in the Act or any rule or regulation issued pursuant thereto.\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Resource conservation"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to the reduction of the amount of solid waste that are generated or the reduction of overall resource consumption, and utilization of recovered resources."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Recovered material"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to material and by-products that have been recovered or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed and used as a raw material in the manufacture of a recycled product."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Post-consumer material"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer only to those materials or products generated by a business or consumer which have served their intended end use, and which have been separated or diverted from solid waste for the purpose of being collected, processed and used as a raw material in the manufacturing of recycled product, excluding materials and by-products generated from, and commonly used within an original manufacturing process, such as mill scrap."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Non-environmentally acceptable products or packaging"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to products or packaging that are unsafe in production, use, post-consumer use, or that produce or release harmful products."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Environmentally preferable"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8","bold":true},"insert":" "},{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to products or services that have a lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose. This comparison may consider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance or disposal of the product or service."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Environmentally acceptable"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to the quality of being re-usable, biodegradable or compostable, recyclable and not toxic or hazardous to the environment;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Consumer electronics"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to special wastes that include worn-out, broken, and other discarded items such as radios, stereos, and TV sets;\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"White goods"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to large worn-out or broken household, commercial, and industrial appliances such as stoves, refrigerators, dishwaters, and clothes washers and dryers collected separately. White goods are usually dismantled for the recovery of specific materials (e.g., copper, aluminum, etc.);"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8","bold":true},"insert":"Waste diversion"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to activities which reduce or eliminate the amount of solid wastes from waste disposal facilities;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Sanitary landfill"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to a waste disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Leachate"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and when water percolate through solid waste undergoing decomposition. It is a contaminated liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Transfer stations"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to those facilities utilized to receive solid wastes, temporarily store, separate, convert, or otherwise process the materials in the solid wastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger vehicles for transport. This term does not include any of the following:\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Controlled dump"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to a disposal site at which solid waste is deposited in accordance with the minimum prescribed standards of site operation;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Open dump "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to a disposal area wherein the solid wastes are indiscriminately thrown or disposed of without due planning and consideration for environmental and health standards;\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Storage"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to the interim containment of solid waste after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Composting"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to the controlled decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humus-like product;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Disposal site "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to a site where solid waste is finally discharged and deposited;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Disposal"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping, spilling, leaking or placing of any solid waste into or in any land;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Receptacles"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to individual containers used for the source separation and the collection of recyclable materials;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Collection"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to the act of removing solid waste from the source or from a communal storage point;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Materials recovery facility"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"includes a solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a recycling facility;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Buy-back center "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"shall refer to a recycling center that purchases or otherwise accepts recyclable materials from the public for the purpose of recycling such materials;"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Generator"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to a person, natural or juridical, who last uses a material and makes it available for disposal or recycling;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Generation"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to the act or process of producing solid waste;\t\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Source separation "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to the sorting of solid waste into some or all of its component parts at the point of generation;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Source reduction "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to the reduction of solid waste before it enters the solid waste stream by methods such as product design, materials substitution, materials re-use and packaging restrictions;\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Segregation at source "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to a solid waste management practice of separating, at the point of origin, different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Segregation"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to a solid waste management practice of separating different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and reuse of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Ecological solid waste management "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to the systematic administration of activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities which do not harm the environment;\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Solid waste management facility"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to any resource recovery system or component thereof; any system, program, or facility for resource conservation; any facility for the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, or disposal of solid waste;"},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Solid waste management "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"shall refer to the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations, and that is also responsive to public attitudes;"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Special wastes "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to household hazardous wastes such as paints, thinners, household batteries, lead-acid batteries, spray canisters and the like. These include wastes from residential and commercial sources that comprise of bulky wastes, consumer electronics, white goods, yard wastes that are collected separately, batteries, oil, and tires. These wastes are usually handled separately from other residential and commercial wastes;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Bulky waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to waste materials which cannot be appropriately placed in separate containers because of either its bulky size, shape or other physical attributes. These include large worn- out or broken household, commercial, and industrial items such as furniture, lamps, bookcases, filing cabinets, and other similar items;"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Yard waste"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"background":"#2c2f33","color":"#cdd2d8"},"insert":"shall refer to wood, small or chipped branches, leaves, grass clippings, garden debris, vegetables residue that is recognizable as part of a plant or vegetable and other materials identified by the Commission."},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Agricultural waste "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"shall refer to waste generated from planting or harvesting of crops, trimming or pruning of plants and wastes or run-off materials from farms or fields;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"RA 3931"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Pollution Control Law (1976)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"PD 552 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The decree prescribes sanitation requirements for the operation of establishments and facilities catering to the travelling public\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"PD 1067 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Water Code of the Philippines \n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"PD 825"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Providing Penalty for Improper Disposal of Garbage and other form of Uncleanliness\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"PD 856 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Sanitation Code of the Philippines\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"PD 984 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Pollution Control Law\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Executive Order #432 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"ordering the strict Enforcement of Presidential decree no. 825 Providing Penalties for Improper Disposal of Garbage and other form of Uncleanliness.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Executive Order #32 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"This Order establishes national and local beautification committees to undertake beautification and cleanliness campaigns\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"MC #30"},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Creating the Presidential Task Force on Waste Management (November 2, 1987)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"MC #06 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"Adoption of IE Report on the ECC Processing of Categorized Final Disposal Facilities (Sanitary Landfill)"},{"insert":"\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"MC #88 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Amending Memorandum Circular No. 39-A, dated January 19, 1988 by Reconstituting the Presidential Task Force on Waste Management.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"RA 7718 - (BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER LAW) "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"RA 6957 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"RA 6957 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"This law states that infrastructure and development projects normally financed and operated by the public sector (such as that for solid waste management) may be wholly or partially implemented by the private sector.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"RA 7160 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"LGCP - (1991) This Act enjoins LGUs to entrance enforce sanitation laws, prepare a solid waste management program, and other environmental functions\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"DAO 2006-10 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Guidelines on the Categorized Final Disposal Facilities (Sanitary Landfill)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"DAO 1992-29 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) of RA 6969\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"DAO 1994-28 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Interim Guidelines for the Importation of Recyclable Materials Containing Hazardous Substances.\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"attributes":{"bold":true},"insert":"DAO 1998-50 "},{"insert":"\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Adopting the Landfill Site Identification and Screening Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Facilities\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"DENR Administrative Order No. 2001 -34\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act 9003\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Feb 16, 2006\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"All Controlled Disposal Facilities shall be deemed closed and phase-out ( Sec. 37)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Feb 16, 2004\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"All Open Dumpsites should have been closed or converted to Controlled Dumpsites (Sec. 37)\n\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Dec 21, 2001\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Signing of IRR for RA 9003\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Dec 4, 2001\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Finalization of 10th version\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Aug 31, 2001\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Submission of IRR Pre-Final Draft (8th version) to Congress and Senate\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Feb 26, 2001\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Effectivity of RA9003\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Jan 26, 2001\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Approval of RA9003\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Atmosphere\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"layer of gases that held close to the earth by the force of gravity\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Air pollutant\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means any matter found in the atmosphere other than oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the inert gases in their natural or normal concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the environment, which includes but not limited to smoke, dust, soot, cinders, fly ash, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, chemical mists, steam and radio- active substances. (RA 8749)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Air pollution\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the atmospheric air, or any discharge thereto of any liquid, gaseous or solid substances that will or is likely to create or to render the air resources of the country harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health, safety or welfare or which will adversely affect their utilization for domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, recreational, or other legitimate purposes. (RA 8749)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Stationary Sources\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means any building or immobile structure, facility or installation which emits or may emit any air pollutant. (ex. Factories or power plants)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Point Source\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"describe specific location from which pollution is released (ex. Industries, processing plants, power plants)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Area Sources\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Large areas of specific activities that generate significant amounts of (ex. Construction site, forest fires and other similar dispersed sources)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"mobile/moving sources\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means any vehicle propelled by or through combustion of carbon- based or other fuel, constructed and operated principally for the conveyance of persons or the transportation of property or goods (ex. Moving cars)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biogenic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"emission from natural sources\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Primary Pollutant\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"those that are released directly; found in the atmosphere in the same form as it exists when emitted from the stack. (ex. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Secondary Pollutant\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of reactions such as hydrolysis, oxidation and photochemistry. (ex. Photochemical Smog, Peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs), acid rain)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"The Major Culprit or Criteria Pollutants\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a set of national ambient air quality guideline values or standards that need to be met to protect the environment.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Fumes\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a solid particle, given off by a substance as a result of a chemical transformation such as reaction, heating, explosion or detonation.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Particulate Matter (PM)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the term for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Dusts\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a solid particle, a direct offspring of a parent material undergoing a mechanical operation\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Smoke\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a solid particle, typically one emitted from a burning substance\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mists\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a liquid particle, formed by the condensation of a vapor and by chemical reaction\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Spray\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a liquid particle, formed by atomization of a parent liquid\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"10,2.5,2.5\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Some particles less than __ micrometers in diameter can get deep into your lungs and some may even get into your bloodstream. Of these, particles less than __ micrometers in diameter, also known as fine particles or PM__, pose the greatest risk to health.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nitrogen dioxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Component of smog and acid rain.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nitrogen dioxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"irritate airways in the human respiratory system. Such exposures over short periods can aggravate respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, leading to respiratory symptoms (such as coughing, wheezing or difficulty breathing)\nLonger exposures to elevated concentrations of ___ may contribute to the development of asthma and potentially increase susceptibility to respiratory infections\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sulfur Dioxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the component of greatest concern and is used as the indicator for the larger group of gaseous sulfur oxides (SOx).The largest source of ____ in the atmosphere is the burning of fossil fuels by power plants and other industrial facilities.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sulfur Dioxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Short-term exposures to ____ can harm the human respiratory system and make breathing difficult. People with asthma, particularly children , are sensitive to these effects\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"acid rain contributors\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Carbon monoxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a colorless, odorless gas that can be harmful when inhaled in large amounts. ___ is released when something is burned. The greatest sources of ___ to outdoor air are cars, trucks and other vehicles or machinery that burn fossil fuels.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Carbon monoxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Breathing air with a high concentration of ___ reduces the amount of oxygen that can be transported in the bloodstream to critical organs like the heart and brain\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Lead\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"major sources of ___ in the air are ore and metals processing and piston-engine aircraft operating on leaded aviation fuel. Other sources are waste incinerators, utilities, and ____-acid battery manufacturers. The highest air concentrations of ____ are usually found near ____ smelters.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Lead\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Once taken into the body, ___ distributes throughout the body in the blood and is accumulated in the bones. Depending on the level of exposure, ___ can adversely affect the nervous system, kidney function, immune system, reproductive and developmental systems and the cardiovascular system.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Tropospheric Ozone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Ozone at ground level is a harmful air pollutant, because of its effects on people and the environment, and it is the main ingredient in \"smog.\"\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Section 30\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Ozone-Depleting Substances\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Section 31\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Greenhouse Gases\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Section 32\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Persistent organic pollutants\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Section 33\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Radioactive emissions\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Emission\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means any air contaminant, pollutant, gas stream or unwanted sound from a known source which is passed into the atmosphere.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"RA8749\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Greenhouse gases\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mean those gases that can potentially or can reasonably be expected to induce global warming, which include carbon dioxide, methane, oxides of nitrogen, chorofluorocarbons, and the like.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mean those substances that significantly deplete or otherwise modify the ozone layer in a manner that is likely to result in adverse effects on human health and the environment such as, but not limited to, chlorofluorocarbons, halons, and the like.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mean the organic compounds that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. These compounds resist photolytic, chemical and biological degradation, which shall include but not be limited to dioxin, furan, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides, such as aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, toxaphere and chlordane\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Certificate of Conformity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means a certificate issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources to a vehicle manufacturer/assembler or importer certifying that a particular new vehicle or vehicle type meets the requirements provided under this Act and its rules and regulations\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Department\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Eco-profile\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means the geographical-based instrument for planners and decision-makers which present an evaluation of the environmental quality and carrying capacity of an area.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Hazardous substances\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mean those substances which present either: (1) short-term acute hazards such as acute toxicity by ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption, corrosivity or other skin or eye contact hazard or the risk of fire explosion; or (2) long-term toxicity upon repeated exposure, carcinogenicity (which in some cases result in acute exposure but with a long latent period), resistance to detoxification process such as biodegradation, the potential to pollute underground or surface waters;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Infectious waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means that portion of medical waste that could transmit an infectious disease;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Medical waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means the materials generated as a result of patient diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human beings or animals\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Municipal waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means the waste materials generated from communities within a specific locality;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"New vehicle\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means a vehicle constructed entirely from new parts that has never been sold or registered with the DOTC or with the appropriate agency or authority, and operated on the highways of the Philippines, any foreign state or country;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Poisonous and toxic fumes\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mean any emissions and fumes which are beyond internationally-accepted standards, including but not limited to World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Pollution control device\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means any device or apparatus used to prevent, control or abate the pollution of air caused by emissions from identified pollution sources at levels within the air pollution control standard established by the Department;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Pollution control technology\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means the pollution control devices, production processes, fuel combustion processes or other means that effectively prevent or reduce emissions or effluent;\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Standard of performance\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means a standard for emissions of air pollutant which reflects the degree of emission limitation achievable through the application of the best system of emission reduction, taking into account the cost of achieving such reduction and any non-air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirement which the Department determines, and adequately demonstrates\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ambient air quality guideline values\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"mean the concentration of air over specified periods classified as short-term and long-term which are intended to serve as goals or objectives for the protection of health and/or public welfare. These values shall be used for air quality management purposes such as determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement of the air quality, and in general, used as basis for taking positive action in preventing, controlling, or abating air pollution\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ambient air\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"means the general amount of pollution present in a broad area; and refers to the atmosphere's average purity as distinguished from discharge measurements taken at the source of pollution\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ambient Air Quality Monitoring\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The measurement of a representative sample and is indicative of a portion of the atmosphere. The ambient network is designed to determine the concentrations expected to occur in the area covered by the network.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Airshed\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"refers to areas with common weather or meteorological conditions and sources of air pollution which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollution in the surrounding atmosphere From RA 8749, Section 9. Pursuant to Section 8 of this Act, the designation of airsheds shall be on the basis of, but not limited to, areas with similar climate, meteorology and topology which affect the interchange and diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere, or areas which share common interest or face similar development programs, prospects or problems.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Air Quality Index (AQI)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Index for reporting daily air quality. It will tell how clean or polluted your air is, and what associated health effects might be a concern for you. It focuses on health effects you may experience within a few hours or days after breathing polluted air\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Good and green\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"0-50\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Moderate and yellow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"51-100\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"unhealthy for sensitive groups and orange\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"101-150\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"unhealthy and red\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"151-200\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"very unhealthy and purple\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"201-300\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"hazardous and maroon\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"301-500\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Industrial Smog\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is formed from pollutants that are typically associated with burning of oil or coal. When CO and CO2 are released in the process of combustion, they combine with particulate matter in the atmosphere and produce smog.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Photochemical Smog\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"different type of smog that is usually formed on hot, sunny days in urban areas. NOx compounds, VOCs and Ozone all combine to form with a brownish hue.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ozone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is a highly reactive gas composed of three oxygen atoms. It is both a natural and a man-made product that occurs in the Earth's upper atmosphere (the stratosphere) and lower atmosphere (the troposphere).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"commonly known as freon , it contains Chlorine, fluorine, and Carbon.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Thomas Midgley, 1928\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"who discovered freon and when\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Chlorofluorocarbon, halons, carbon tetrachloride, methyl chloroform, methyl bromid\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Class 1\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Hydrochlorofluorocarbon\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Class 2\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Montreal Protocol Sept 16, 1987\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Landmark international environmental accord that was negotiated, entered into force, and amended in record time, in response to scientific information on the damage to the ozone layer by synthetic chemicals. Signed by more than 146 nations, calls for the worldwide end of CFC production\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Acid deposition\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"commonly known as acid rain, occurs when emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and other industrial processes undergo complex chemical reactions in the atmosphere and fall to the earth as wet deposition (rain, snow, cloud, fog) or dry deposition (dry particles, gas). Rain and snow are already naturally acidic, but are only considered problematic when less than a pH of 5. ( Ecological Society of America, 2006)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Thermal Inversion\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"A condition when warm air becomes trapped between two layers of cold air and act like a lid on the valley/mountain\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Global Warming\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Increase of temperature of earth due to greenhouse effect of gases\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Climate Change\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional climates over time. According to UNFCCC, it is a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Greenhouse effect\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The warming thought to occur from the increase of greenhouse gases.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"CO\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"·Enters the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas and oil), solid waste, trees and wood products, and also as result of certain chemical reactions.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Methane\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas and oil. Also results from livestock and other agriculture practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Nitrous oxide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Emitted during agriculture and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Fluorinated gases\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial processes. (Ex. Hydrofluorocarbons, Perfluorocarbons, Sulfur hexafluoride, Nitrogen trifluoride)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Kyoto Protocol Dec 11, 1997\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"It is a protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) aimed at fighting global warming. It is a major international agreement towards GHGE reduction. Industrialized countries agreed to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases baskets to 5.2% below between 2008-2012 compared to their emission in 1990\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Indoor Air Pollution\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Pollutants can be at a higher concentration indoor than outside.\nIndoor air pollution is one of the five major environmental risks to human health.\nMost deadly and common indoor pollutants in developed countries are tobacco smoke and radon.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ecology\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Derived from the Greek oikos, meaning house, combined with logy, meaning \"the study of\". Thus, literally, it is the study of the earth's households.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ecology\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"can be defined as the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Environment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the aggregate, all the external forces, influences and conditions, which affect the life, nature, behaviour and the growth, development and maturity of living organisms.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Scope of environment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Atmosphere\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"implies the protective blanket of gases, surrounding the earth. The atmosphere is composed of nitrogen and oxygen. Besides, argon, carbon dioxide, and trace gases.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Hydrosphere\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"comprises all types of water resources oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, reserviour, polar icecaps, glaciers, and groundwater.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Lithosphere\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the outer mantle of the solid earth. It consists of minerals\noccurring in the earth's crusts and the soil e.g.\nminerals, organic matter, air and water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biosphere\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"indicates the realm of living organisms and their interactions with environment, viz atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Atom\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Basic Unit of Matter\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Organism\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"an individual form of life\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Population\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a group of individuals of the same species in a certain area at a given time\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Community\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Population of different species occupy same geographic area\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Niche\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"describes the role an organism plays in a community\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Habitat\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Area or environment where an organism or ecological community normally lives or occur\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ecosystem\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is a basic functional unit of organisms and their environment\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ecosystem\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"as a basic functional unit of organisms and their environment; their interaction with each other and the various components\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ecosystem\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the sum of all natural organisms and substances within a certain area, and it can be viewed as a basic example of an open system in physical geography.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Abiotic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"They include the non-living things such as water, soil, air, temperature, climate, pressure, etc.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biotic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"These components include the living organism such as plants, animals, bacteria, viruses, etc.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Producers\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"all plants containing chlorophyll, these plants can produce\ntheir own food by the process called\nPhotosynthesis\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Consumers\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are organisms that must obtain food energy from secondary\nsources, for example, by eating plants or animal matter.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Primary consumer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"this category includes the\n herbivores, which consume only producers\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Secondary consumer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"an organism that consumes a primary consumer\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Tertiary consumer\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"an organism that consumes a secondary consumer\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Detritivores\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the organisms in this group derive energy from consuming nonliving organic matter such as dead animals or fallen leaves\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Decomposers\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"these are bacteria or fungi that absorb nutrients from\nnonliving organic matter such as plant material, the wastes of living organisms.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Boom bust cycle\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"In this type of cycle there is a rapid increase in the population and then an equally rapid drop off. These rapid changes may be linked to predictable cycles in the environment (temperature or nutrient availability, for example). When the conditions are good for growth, the population increases.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Energy flow\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The transfer of energy from one trophic level to another trophic level is known as\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Trophic levels\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"In an ecosystem, each of these feeding levels is referred to as\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Food chain\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are usually represented as a series of steps, it is the passage of energy from one trophic level to the next as a result of one organism consuming another.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Elton 1972\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"first to introduced food chain\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Food web\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"made of several overlapping and intersecting food chains\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ecological Pyramids\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"It is the graphic representation of the various trophic levels of an ecosystem\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"pyramid of numbers\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"It shows the number of organisms at each trophic level.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"pyramid of biomass\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Means the total weight of a living matter per unit area. In grassland forest ecosystems the biomass decreases from producers to consumers, hence forming an upright pyramid. However, in an aquatic ecosystem, the biomass gradually increases towards the apex, thus, the pyramid is inverted in shape.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"pyramid of energy\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Represents the amount of flow of energy at each trophic level. It is always upright in shape as the amount of energy decreases from producers, level to consumers' level.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"10%\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"According to Lindman (1942) only ___ energy is consumed at each trophic level\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"productivity of an ecosystem\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"refers to the rate of production i.e. the amount of organic matter, which is accumulated in any unit time.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Primary Productivity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"It is associated with the producers which are autotrophic. It is the rate at which radiant energy is stored by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic activity of producers. it is further distinguished as:\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Gross primary productivity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the rate of storage of organic matter in plant tissues in excess of the respiratory utilization by plants during the measurement period.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Secondary productivity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"These are the rates of energy storage at consumers level. Since consumers only utilize food materials (already produced) in their respiration, simply covering the food matters to different tissues by an overall process.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Net productivity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"refers to the rate of storage of organic matter not used by the heterotrophs (consumer) i.e. equivalent to net primary production minus consumption by the heterotrophs during the unit period. It is thus the rate of increase of biomass of the primary producers, which has been left over by the consumers.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Stability of an ecosystem\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"refers to the balance between production and consumption of each element in the ecosystem. In other words, balance between input and output of energy and normal functioning of different biogeochemical cycles and stable conditions of equilibrium as under:\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Equilibrium model\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"states that an ecosystem, always tends towards stability. As soon as the community of an ecosystem is disturbed due to external environmental change, it quickly returns to original state.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"non-equilibrium model\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"states that an ecosystem stability is rarely attained because disturbances caused by frequent external environmental change do not allow to develop ordered state of species assemblages in an ecosystem\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Gause's principle\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"states that no two species can occupy the same niche at the same time, and that the species that is less fit to live in the environment will relocate, die out, or occupy a smaller niche.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Predation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"occurs when one species feed on another, and it is the force that drives changes in population size.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Symbiotic\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are close, prolonged associations between two or more different organisms of different species that may , but do not necessarily, benefit each member.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"COMPETITION\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"arises when two individuals of the same species are competing for resources in the environment.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"intraspecific competition\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"individuals competing are of the same species\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"interspecific competition\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"individuals competing are of different species\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mutualism\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"both species benefit; as for example, the relationship between the sea anemone and clown fish.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Commenalism\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor hurt. One example of this type of relationship exists between trees and epiphytes (bromeliads and some orchids).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Parasitism\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is a relationship in which one species is harmed and the other benefits; for example the relationship that exists between fleas and dogs .\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"keystone species\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Often times, the biotic balance in a community is maintained by a single species, known as the\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"keystone species\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"It is a species whose very presence contributes to an ecosystem's diversity and whose extinction would consequently lead to extinction of other forms of life.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"indicator species\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are species that are used as a standard to evaluate the health of an ecosystem. They are more sensitive to biological changes within their ecosystems than are other species, so they can be used as an early warning system to detect dangerous changes to community.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"indigenous species\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are those that originate and live or occur naturally in an area or environment.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Invasive species\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"examples are zebra mussels\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ecological succession\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Species of plants and animals are continually coming and going; evolving and dying out. Some of the changes that takes place in a geographic area are predictable ones that can be described as\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"pioneer community\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The first community the appears in an area is referred to as the\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"seral community\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"This community takes time to get modified into an intermediate community called\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"climax community\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"which finally transforms into a stable community known as\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Primary Succession\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"in this type, a community develops in an area which is not previously occupied by any other community.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Secondary succession\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"here the community starts to develop on a site which was previously occupied by a well- developed community. It is an ecological succession that takes place where an existing community has been cleared (by events such as fire, tornado, or human impact), but the soil has been left intact.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Pioneers\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The first organisms to become established in an ecosystem undergoing succession are called\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Sere\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The whole series of communities which are involved in the ecological succession at a given area\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Biome\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is a large, relatively distinct terrestrial region that has similar climate, soil, plants, and animals regardless of where it occurs. It covers\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Tundra\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"it is the region that lies south of the ice caps of the arctic and extends across North America, Europe , and Siberia.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Taiga\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"It is just the south of tundra\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Taiga\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the largest biome in the world. Covering approximately 11% of the Earth's land\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Temperate deciduous forest\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Seasonality that is hot summers and cold winters are characteristic of\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Grassland or prairies\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are found in the interiors of North America, Asia, South America, and Africa. They occur in both temperate and tropical climates where rainfall ranges from 25 to 75 cm a year.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Desert\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"occur in regions that are hot and too dry to support grasses. The soil is sandy and poor, low in organic material but often high in mineral particularly the salts NaCl, CaCO3 and CaSO4. Rainfall is usually less than 25 cm in one year.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Savanna\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is found in areas of relatively low or seasonal rainfall with prolonged dry periods\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Tropical rainforest\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are found in areas around the equator. In this regions, the climate is uniform throughout the year.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Free-floating Plankton\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"usually small or microscopic organisms that are relatively feeble swimmers.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Phytoplankton\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"photosynthetic cyanobacteria and free- floating algae, are producers that form the base of most aquatic food webs.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Zooplankton\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"non-photosynthetic organisms that include protozoa, tiny crustaceans, and the larval stages of many animals.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Strongly swimming Nekton\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are larger, strong swimming organisms such as fishes, turtles and whales\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"bottom-dwelling benthos\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are bottom- dwelling organisms that fix themselves to one spot (sponges, oysters, and barnacles), those that borrow into the sand (many worms, and echinoderms), or simple walk or swim about on the bottom (crayfish, and brittle stars).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Freshwater ecosystem\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"it includes streams and rivers or free flowing ecosystem, ponds and lakes or standing-water ecosystems, and marshes, swamps or freshwater wetlands.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Littoral, limnetic, profundal\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"large lakes three basic zones\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"littoral zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is a shallow water area along the shore of a lake or pond\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"limnetic zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the open water beyond the littoral zone, away from the shore. It extends down as far as sunlight penetrates to permit photosynthesis.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"profundal zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"it is beneath the limnetic zone of a large lake. Light does not penetrate effectively to this depth so that plants and algae do not exist in this zone.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"freshwater wetlands\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are transitional between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"marshes\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"in which grasslike plants dominate\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"swamp\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"in which woody trees and shrubs dominate.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"estuary\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is a coastal body of water partly\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"oligotrophic lakes\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"poor in nutrient lake\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"eutrophic lakes\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"rich in nutrient lake\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"mesotrophic lakes\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"intermediate type of lake\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"mangrove forest\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The tropical equivalent of salt marshes\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"transition zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"where two communities or biomes meet and integrate.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"intertidal zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the shoreline area between low and high tide. It is the transitional zone between land and ocean. It has a high levels of light and nutrients with an abundance of oxygen. It is biologically productive environment.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"benthic environment\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"it is the ocean floor and is divided into zones based on distance from land, light availability, and depth. This type of environment consists of sediment (mostly sand and mud) in which worms and clams burrows\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"abyssal zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is part of the benthic environment that extends to a depth of 4000 to 6000 m.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"hadal zone\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is part of the benthic environment that extends to a depth more than 6000 m.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"biogeochemical cycle\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Matter moves in numerous cycles form one part of an ecosystem to another that is, from one organism to another and from living organisms to the abiotic environment and back again. These cycle of matter is called the\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"carbon cycle\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"The global movement of carbon between the abiotic environment, including the atmosphere and ocean, and organisms is known as the\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"nitrogen fixation, nitrification, assimilation, ammonification, denitrification\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"5 parts of nitrogen cycle\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"assimilation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Bacteria are involved in all the steps of nitrogen cycle except\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"evaporation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the change of state in a substance from a liquid to a gas\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"transpiration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the evaporation of water from plants through stomata\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"stomata\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are small openings found on the underside of leaves that are connected to vascular plant tissues\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"condensation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is the process whereby water vapor is changed into a liquid state.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"precipitation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"results when tiny condensation particles, through collision and coalescence, grow too large for the rising air to support, and thus fall to the Earth.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"runoff\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"occurs when there is excessive precipitation and the ground is saturated (cannot absorb any more water).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"flood\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"an over flow or accumulation of an expanse of water that submerges land\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"flood frequency\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the concept of the probable frequency of occurrence of a given flood.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Annual Exceedence Probability\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"probability that a particular flood size will occur in any given year.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"return period\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"an average time or an estimated average time between events such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, or river discharge flows to occur.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"erosion\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"the transport by wind, water and ice of soil, sediment and rock fragments produced by the weathering of geological features. caused by activities that interfere directly with waterways, such as straightening or deepening channels for flood control, building dams, bridges or crossings, uncontrolled\nlivestock access and removing riparian (fringing) vegetation.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"sedimentation\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"occurs when eroded material that is being transported by water, settles out of the water column onto the surface, as the water flow slows\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Rio Declaration\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"a set of non-binding principles on forest management.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Agenda 21\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"blueprint for implementing sustainable development.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Basel convention\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Regulates the transboundary movement of hazardous wastes and obliges its parties to ensure that such wastes are managed and disposed of in an environmentally sound manner.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Was signed by over 150 governments at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. Become the centerpiece of international efforts to conserve the planet's biological diversity, ensure the sustainable use of biological resources, protect ecosystems and natural habitats, and promote the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT CHEMICALS\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"To establish a global convention to eliminate or manage twelve of the world's worst chemical\ncontaminants, including dioxins, PCBs, DDT, and other pesticides.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"is dangerous or potentially harmful to our health or the environment. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, gases, or sludges. They can be discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides, or the by-products of manufacturing processes. Substances that are without any safe commercial, industrial, agricultural or economic usage and are shipped, transported or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal into or in transit through any part of the territory of the Philippines.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"ignitability, toxicity, reactivity, corrosivity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"four characteristic wastes\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"F-list\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"(non-specific source wastes). This list identifies wastes from common manufacturing and industrial processes, such as solvents that have been used in cleaning or degreasing operations.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"K-list\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"(source-specific wastes). This list includes certain wastes from specific industries, such as petroleum refining or pesticide manufacturing.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"P-list\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"identifies acute hazardous wastes from discarded commercial chemical products\nThe\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"U-list\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"identifies hazardous wastes from discarded commercial chemical product\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"ignitability\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Are wastes that can create fires under certain conditions, are spontaneously combustible, or have a flash point less than 60oC.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"corrosivity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Are acids or bases (pH less than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 12.5) that are capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanks, drums, and barrels.\nBattery acid is an example.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"reactivity\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"are unstable under \"normal\" conditions. They can cause explosions, toxic fumes, gases, or vapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water.\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"toxic waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"waste that are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorbed (e.g., containing mercury, lead, etc.).\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"explosive, gases, flammable liquid, flammable solid, oxidizing, toxic, radioactive, corrosive, miscellaneous\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"9 CLASSIFICATIONS OF UNIVERSAL WASTES\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"MIXED WASTES\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Contains both radioactive and hazardous waste components. It is regulated by the Resource\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Conservation and recovery act\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"CRA\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Atomic energy act\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"AEA\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"low level mixed waste, high level mixed waste, mixed transuranic waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"THREE TYPES OF MIXED WASTE ACCORDING TO THE\nU.S. (DOE)\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Toxic substance and hazardous and nuclear waste control act of 1990\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"RA 6969\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Corazon Aquino, Oct 26, 1990\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"RA6969 approved by ___ on ___\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Ozone depleting substance\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Regulating law DAO 04-08\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Polychlorinated biphenyls\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Regulating law DAO 04-01\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Asbestos\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Regulating law DAO 00-02\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Mercury\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Regulating law DAO 97-38\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"Cyanide\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"Regulating law DAO 97-39\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"dry waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"black\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"wet waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"green\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"infectious waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"yellow\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"chemical waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"yellow with black band\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"radioactive waste\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"orange\n"}]} #### {"ops":[{"insert":"sharp\n"}]} ## {"ops":[{"insert":"red\n"}]} ####