Potassium deficiency (2024)

If you experience heart palpitations, seek urgent medical assistance. This can be a sign of an irregular heart beat (arrhythmia).

Key facts

  • Potassium is a mineral that is essential for all of the body's functions.
  • It helps your nerves, muscles and heart function properly, and also helps move nutrients and waste around your cells.
  • Potassium deficiency (hypokalaemia) is when a person has abnormally low levels of potassium in their body.
  • Some people with potassium deficiency don't experience any symptoms, but others will notice muscle weakness, muscle cramps and an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia).
  • Potassium deficiency is treated with supplements, which you can take orally (for example, a tablet) or your doctor can arrange an intravenous potassium infusion — it's also important to treating the cause of the problem to prevent it recurring.

What is potassium?

Potassium is a mineral that is essential for all of the body's functions. It helps nerves, muscles and the heart to function properly, as well as helping move nutrients and waste around your cells.

What is potassium deficiency?

Potassium deficiency is when a person has abnormally low levels of potassium in their body. It is also called hypokalaemia.

What are the symptoms of potassium deficiency?

Some people with potassium deficiency don't experience any symptoms.

If you do have symptoms, they may include:

  • weakness and fatigue
  • feeling tired
  • muscle cramps
  • an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) — skipped heartbeats or an irregular heartbeat

What causes potassium deficiency?

There are many possible causes of potassium deficiency.

The amount of potassium in the body is affected by:

  • the climate
  • your level of physical activity
  • using diuretic medicines ('water tablets')
  • how much sodium you consume (as found in table salt)

You may be at risk of developing low potassium levels if you:

How is potassium deficiency diagnosed?

Potassium deficiency is diagnosed with a blood test. Your doctor may order a test as part of a routine medical examination, or because you have high blood pressure or kidney disease.

If you are found to have a potassium deficiency, your doctor will usually refer you for more tests to find out the cause.

How is potassium deficiency treated?

If you have low potassium, your doctor may recommend you take a supplement. You should only take a potassium supplement under medical supervision. Having too much potassium in the body can also cause serious health problems. If your levels are very low, you may need potassium through an intravenous drip in hospital.

Depending on the cause of your potassium deficiency, your doctor will also discuss with you any other treatments you need. They may also discuss ways to prevent the problem recurring.

If your medicines are causing the potassium deficiency, your doctor may suggest a change, or recommend you eat more foods that are high in potassium.

What are the complications of potassium deficiency?

Severe hypokalaemia can be life-threatening. The most serious complication is an irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).

Can potassium deficiency be prevented?

Most people can prevent potassium deficiency by eating a healthy, balanced diet.

If you are at increased risk, for example if you are taking a diuretic medicine, talk to your doctor about your potassium levels.

Resources and support

  • Visit Nutrition Australia for information about healthy eating.
  • Eat for Health uses the Australian dietary guidelines to provide advice about the amount and types of food you need.
Potassium deficiency (2024)

FAQs

Potassium deficiency? ›

Potassium deficiency (hypokalaemia) is when a person has abnormally low levels of potassium in their body. Some people with potassium deficiency don't experience any symptoms, but others will notice muscle weakness, muscle cramps and an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia).

What happens if potassium is low? ›

A low potassium level can make muscles feel weak, cramp, twitch, or even become paralyzed, and abnormal heart rhythms may develop. The diagnosis is based on blood tests to measure the potassium level. Usually, eating foods rich in potassium or taking potassium supplements by mouth is all that is needed.

How to fix potassium deficiency? ›

How Can You Treat Potassium Deficiency?
  1. Stopping any medications that can result in low levels of potassium.
  2. Taking potassium supplements.
  3. Adding more foods containing potassium naturally.
  4. Taking medicines specific to increasing potassium levels in the body.
Jan 2, 2020

How can I raise my potassium level quickly? ›

An easy way to boost your potassium intake is by eating five portions of fruit and vegetables a day. Other foods like pulses, fish, nuts, seeds and milk are also high in potassium and low in salt, so can help benefit your heart.”

Can drinking a lot of water lower potassium? ›

Dehydration may lead to hyperkalemia. However, it's not clear that drinking more water will help lower your potassium levels. Speak with a healthcare professional about how much water you should drink every day.

What organ is affected by low potassium? ›

If you have low blood potassium for a while, it may affect your kidneys. You may have to go to the bathroom more often. You may also feel thirsty.

What is the number one cause of low potassium? ›

Low potassium (hypokalemia) has many causes. The most common cause is excessive potassium loss in urine due to prescription medications that increase urination. Also known as water pills or diuretics, these types of medications are often prescribed for people who have high blood pressure or heart disease.

What hurts when your potassium is low? ›

Potassium deficiency (hypokalaemia) is when a person has abnormally low levels of potassium in their body. Some people with potassium deficiency don't experience any symptoms, but others will notice muscle weakness, muscle cramps and an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia).

What are 3 deficiency symptoms of potassium? ›

Symptoms
  • Constipation.
  • Feeling of skipped heart beats or palpitations.
  • Fatigue.
  • Muscle damage.
  • Muscle weakness or spasms.
  • Tingling or numbness.
Jun 12, 2023

What drink is high in potassium? ›

What drink is high in potassium? Orange juice, prune juice, tomato juice, carrot juice, milk, tea, and coffee are all examples of drinks that are high in potassium.

How to check potassium levels at home? ›

You can take a potassium test at home, either with a blood or urine sample. If using a 24-hour urine test, you will need to collect your urine wherever you are during the day. For blood tests, you often need to visit a local laboratory to have your sample collected.

How long does it take to restore potassium levels? ›

How long does it take to recover from low potassium? Treatment can increase your potassium level in anywhere from a few hours to a few weeks, depending on several factors. The key is to get your condition diagnosed so you can take action to correct the problem.

How fast can a banana raise potassium? ›

Thus, athletes wanting to increase [K+]p as quickly as possible need to ingest at least 2 servings of bananas and wait at least 30 minutes before any substantive increase is observed.

Is coffee high in potassium? ›

cup of black coffee has 116 mg of potassium3. This is considered a low potassium food. However, many people drink more than one cup of coffee each day. Three to four cups of coffee a day is considered high in potassium and could raise your potassium levels.

What are the worst foods for potassium? ›

– Avoid desserts with chocolate, cream cheese, ice cream or nuts – they are high in potassium and phosphorus. Choose lower-potassium vegetables such as snow peas, string beans, water chestnuts, bean sprouts and bok choy. Be cautious – Mexican food may be high in potassium.

Is peanut butter high in potassium? ›

Legumes, nuts, and peanut butter are rich sources of potassium. Meat, fish, poultry, and eggs are moderate to high sources of potassium. These foods are also good sources of high-quality protein, which you need for normal body functions.

How long does it take to get potassium levels up? ›

How long does it take to recover from low potassium? Treatment can increase your potassium level in anywhere from a few hours to a few weeks, depending on several factors. The key is to get your condition diagnosed so you can take action to correct the problem.

Can you be hospitalized for low potassium? ›

Someone who has hypokalemia and shows symptoms will need hospitalization. They will also require heart monitoring to make sure their heart rhythm is normal. Treating low potassium levels in the hospital requires a multi-step approach: 1.

References

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