What are curds and whey? (2024)

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It starts with curds and whey! Explore the basic chemistry behind making cheese in this hands on activity.

What You Need

  • 2 glasses or clear plastic cups
  • hom*ogenized or 2% white milk (not skim or 1%)
  • White vinegar – 5 mL (or 1 teaspoon)
  • Strong paper towels, coffee filter or cheesecloth
  • Lemon juice (optional for follow-up activity)
  • Tray or sink
  • Measuring spoon

Safety First!

Vinegar, lemon juice and baking soda will irritate sensitive skin and tissue. Do not rub your eyes while handling these items. Wash your hands immediately after you complete this activity.

What to Do

  1. Pour milk into a glass so that it is 1/4 full. Allow it to come to room temperature (this should take about 15 minutes).
  2. Carefully look at the milk. Describe what you see.
  3. Add 5 mL (1 teaspoon) of vinegar to the milk.
  4. Wait about 5 minutes.
  5. Swirl the milk around and look at the sides of the glass. What do you see? How has the milk changed?
  6. Use the paper towels, coffee filter or cheesecloth as a strainer to separate the curds (solid part) and whey (liquid part) in the tray or sink.
  7. Squeeze most of the liquid out of the curds.

Milk is a mixture and contains water, sugar (lactose), protein, fats and minerals. The vinegar helps to curdle the milk. Curdling happens when the solids in the milk (the proteins and fats) clump together and form a new substance, which are called curds. The curdling is the result of a chemical reaction between the vinegar (acid) and the fats and proteins. You can separate the curds out of the milk by pouring the clumpy mess through a filter like a strong paper towel or piece of cheesecloth. The liquid that passes through the paper towel or cheesecloth is called whey. These are the same “curds and whey” that appear in the nursery rhyme “Little Miss Muffet.” Curdling can also happen if heat or salt are added to milk.

Curdling is what happens when you keep milk after its expiration date has passed or if it has been left unrefrigerated too long. This is what it means when people say the milk has "gone bad” - it will taste very different from milk that is still fresh. This “natural curdling” or spoiling is also caused by chemical reactions that create acids in the milk as it gets old or warm. Those acids cause the proteins and fats to clump together, however the milk actually spoils because of the growth of bacteria that also occurs during this time.

Curdled milk is still safe to cook with. You can also buy curds in the grocery store. In fact, cheese is actually made from curdled milk! Cottage cheese is a great example.

  • Vinegar is a weak acid and so is lemon juice. What happens when you add lemon juice instead of vinegar?
  • Learn more here:Cheese-making Process – YouTube(Video – 4:48 min.)

For more information on this topic check out these Let's Talk Science resources:

What’s happening?

Milk is a mixture and contains water, sugar (lactose), protein, fats and minerals. The vinegar helps to curdle the milk. Curdling happens when the solids in the milk (the proteins and fats) clump together and form a new substance, which are called curds. The curdling is the result of a chemical reaction between the vinegar (acid) and the fats and proteins. You can separate the curds out of the milk by pouring the clumpy mess through a filter like a strong paper towel or piece of cheesecloth. The liquid that passes through the paper towel or cheesecloth is called whey. These are the same “curds and whey” that appear in the nursery rhyme “Little Miss Muffet.” Curdling can also happen if heat or salt are added to milk.

Why does it matter?

Curdling is what happens when you keep milk after its expiration date has passed or if it has been left unrefrigerated too long. This is what it means when people say the milk has "gone bad” - it will taste very different from milk that is still fresh. This “natural curdling” or spoiling is also caused by chemical reactions that create acids in the milk as it gets old or warm. Those acids cause the proteins and fats to clump together, however the milk actually spoils because of the growth of bacteria that also occurs during this time.

Curdled milk is still safe to cook with. You can also buy curds in the grocery store. In fact, cheese is actually made from curdled milk! Cottage cheese is a great example.

Investigate further

  • Vinegar is a weak acid and so is lemon juice. What happens when you add lemon juice instead of vinegar?
  • Learn more here:Cheese-making Process – YouTube(Video – 4:48 min.)

For more information on this topic check out these Let's Talk Science resources:

What are curds and whey? (2024)

FAQs

What are curds and whey? ›

Milk contains a protein called casein and when you add an acid (like vinegar or lemon juice) it causes those proteins to clump together. The solid clumps are called curds, and the leftover liquid is called whey–just like in “l*ttle Miss Muffet!”

Are curds and whey just cottage cheese? ›

What are curds and whey? If you answered cottage cheese, you're right. The curd is the lumps and the whey is the liquid. While it may not sound very appetizing, cottage cheese has some health benefits to consider.

What are curds and whey in Little Miss Muffet? ›

Rennin is an enzyme from a calf's stomach, and it makes some of the proteins in milk clump together. These clumping proteins are called "curd proteins," while the milk proteins that refuse to clump are called "whey proteins." These proteins are the curds and whey of Miss Muffet's lunch.

What was Little Miss Muffet actually eating? ›

So there you have it: Little Miss Muffet sat on her tuffet, eating a dish consisting of the byproducts of cheesemaking. It's not quite as weird as it sounds. If you think about it, curds and whey are just cottage cheese in its purest form.

Did people eat curds and whey? ›

While it's not exactly commonplace to chow down on plain cottage cheese these days, eating curds and whey as a snack was a relatively normal thing to do when the nursery rhyme was first published. If you do choose to spoon your cottage cheese directly into your mouth, though, no judgment here.

Are curds and whey healthy? ›

The Healing Benefits of Curd Cheese

It is packed with protein, rich in healing fats (the best coming from properly raised grass-fed animals) and, most important, is an excellent digestive aid. Fresh, unripened cheese made from raw cultured dairy products is bursting with probiotic (pro-life) activity.

Are cheese curds healthier than cheese? ›

The nutrients that are found in cheese curds aren't necessarily unique to just curds. They're essentially the same minerals and vitamins that are found in other cheeses. So, it's safe to say that cheese curds are a good source of natural nutrients… just like most other cheeses.

What is the real meaning behind Little Miss Muffet? ›

“l*ttle Miss Muffet” is about a girl named Patience, who was Dr Muffet's stepdaughter. The lyrics probably tell the story of an incident when Patience ran away from her breakfast, being frightened by a spider from Dr. Muffet's collection.

How does milk become curds and whey? ›

The curdling is the result of a chemical reaction between the vinegar (acid) and the fats and proteins. You can separate the curds out of the milk by pouring the clumpy mess through a filter like a strong paper towel or piece of cheesecloth. The liquid that passes through the paper towel or cheesecloth is called whey.

What is the meaning behind rock a bye baby? ›

It was written by a pilgrim who sailed to America on the Mayflower (1620). The passenger observed the way Native American women rocked their babies in birch-bark cradles suspended from a tree, so that the wind rocked the baby to sleep.

What does "tuffet" mean in Little Miss Muffet? ›

Miss Muffet may have been sitting on a small grassy mound – a tuft of soft grass. Another possible meaning of a tuffet is a 'three-legged stool'. In some versions of the rhyme, Miss Muffet is sitting on a cushion or a buffet – a word for stool from the north of England.

What is the truth about Little Miss Muffet? ›

Her name was Patience Muffet and she was the daughter of a Dr. Thomas Muffet who lived between 1553 and 1604. Although almost every child in Britain has heard of Little Miss Muffet, the history books tell us much more about her father than they do about Patience herself.

How do you separate curds from whey? ›

Using a long knife, cut the solidified milk into about 1 inch squares. This will separate the solidified milk into curds (the solid bit) and whey (the liquid bit). Once the milk has separated, carefully spoon the curds into your colander or sieve and leave for a couple of hours.

Is cottage cheese just curds and whey? ›

Actually, you've probably eaten curds and whey without knowing it. Curds and whey are actually the lumps and liquid found in cottage cheese. If you didn't know, cottage cheese is made from skim milk.

Who ate her curds and whey? ›

Little Miss Muffet lyrics

Eating her curds and whey; There came a big spider, And sat down beside her, And frightened Miss Muffet away.

Is junket the same as curds and whey? ›

Junket (dessert), a dish historically known as "curds and whey"

Are curds the same as cottage cheese? ›

Cottage cheese is made by adding an acid, such as vinegar or a probiotic culture, to milk in order to separate the curds (solid) from the whey (liquid). The curds are then cut into large or small pieces and cooked to release moisture. Rinsing and draining then removes even more liquid and decreases the acidity.

Is whey cheese cottage cheese? ›

Rich, full of texture, and packed with protein, cottage cheese makes for a wonderful snack. Sometimes referred to as curds and whey, this dairy product differs from cheese in that it's not aged, but rather, sold and served fresh.

What makes curds and whey? ›

Milk contains a protein called casein and when you add an acid (like vinegar or lemon juice) it causes those proteins to clump together. The solid clumps are called curds, and the leftover liquid is called whey–just like in “l*ttle Miss Muffet!”

Is cottage cheese better than whey protein? ›

The protein in cottage cheese is mainly casein protein, which is slower to digest than whey protein, and, in turn, may do a better job at promoting satiety.

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