Four All-Purpose Flour Alternatives | Institute of Culinary Education (2024)

We have a variety of options that will meet just about any need depending on personal preference, dietary restrictions and general demand for nutritious flours.

I haven’t experimented with every variety, however, I am pretty well-versed and biased towards a handful of flours. A little imagination, knowledge of ratios and confidence are what’s needed to brave the new mélange of options. Here’s a rundown of my all-time favorite flours, how they're made and my favorite dishes that usethem.

Pro tip: Storing flour and nuts in a freezer extends the shelf life way beyond the dusty cupboard.

Explore more alternative ingredients in ICE’s Health-Supportive Culinary Arts program.

Chickpea Flour

Relatively new to American households, chickpea flour (also called garbanzo bean flour or besan in Indian kitchens) is arguably one of my favorite ingredients. When I was growing up in an Indian household, my mom bought chickpea flour in bulk and stored it in a bottomless plastic bucket — I’m talking 25-pound bags. It’s one of the most versatile flours, and my mom uses it in so many dishes like curries, bread and even desserts. Her signature dish is kadhi, a traditional Gujurati dish she makes twoor three times a week that starts with a base of chickpea flour mixed with yogurt and water. It’s a great source of protein, an abundant dose of fiber and gluten-free.

Unlike many gluten-free flours, chickpea flour has endless binding power. A little water and oil with salt turn this pale yellow flour into a dense paste that’s capable of binding to anything. A little secret: Many Indian tandoori chicken recipes call for a small amount of chickpea flour paste to help keep the spices coated to the skin.

All About Chickpeas

Rice Flour

Rice flour is pretty bland on its own but a really versatile option when it comes to making Asian dishes. The most common use for rice flour is to make a slurry to thicken sauces by stirring a little into aliquid. Similar to cornstarch, you can use white rice flour, brown rice flour or sweet glutinous rice flour, which, despite its name, is gluten-free. Brown and white rice flours are interchangeable in recipes but add different flavors. Use about 2 tablespoons per cup of liquid that needs to be thickened.

While I don’t fry much, there are a couple of recipes that I make in which rice flour plays an invaluable role. As a chef, rice flour is one of my secret ingredients to make anything fried light and airy in texture. In Asia, it’s used in everything from Japanese tempura vegetables to the ever-popular Korean fried chicken, giving fried foods their characteristic pillowy crunch. A key ingredient in the famous Thai dish chicken larb, a chopped meat salad with various Thai seasonings, is rice flour, which is toasted and mixed with the meat to help bind the sauce.

Almond Flour

All nut flours are made from grinding what’s leftover of nuts after the oil is removed, while nut meals are made from grinding the whole nut. I’ve found in recipes, most nut flours are interchangeable. After living in Italy, I became obsessed with an almond orange cake served at pretty much any reputable coffee shop. A pretty straightforward recipe to execute — a combination of eggs, sugar, oranges, vanilla extract and almond flour— it is a deliciously bold and immensely moist cake. The nut flour and sugar make this less than ideal for a light dessert, but given that it doesn’t have all-purpose flour or any oil, it’s healthier than a traditional cake. This recipe gets bonus points because I once made it directly on the stovetop and finished in the oven!

All nut flours add a great, rich flavor to baked goods. Nut flour can be higher in calories but is considered a healthy fat with more protein than regular and alternative flours, which can keep you feeling satisfied. I like using a mix of nut flour and buckwheat as a breading option for chicken cutlets. It’s very easy to make nut flour at home using a high-speed blender.

Explore four more alternative flours.

Buckwheat Flour

The newest to me is buckwheat flour. Don’t let the name fool you, it doesn’t contain wheat, it’s made from a seed. This is the “it flour” and my go-to for pancakes, muffins or savory crêpes. Buckwheat flour is packed with fiber and protein and has an assertive flavor and nutty aftertaste. At first glance, the flour is darker in color than other flours, but it has a wonderfully distinctive, lightly floral flavor and is used in just as many savory dishes as sweet. For anyone with a gluten intolerance or aim to cut back on regular flour, buckwheat flour can be used on its own in recipes or combined with other types of gluten-free flour like brown rice or even an all-purpose flour. If you’re feeling adventurous, try your hand at making soba noodles, blinis or these piece-of-cake pancakes at home with buckwheat flour.

Explore butter alternatives and alternative sweeteners.

Recipe

Buckwheat Flour Flapjacks

Ingredients

• 1/2 cup buckwheat flour
• 1/2 cup all-purpose or spelt flour
• 2 tablespoons sugar
• 1 tablespoon baking powder
• 1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar
• 1 teaspoon vanilla
• 1 cup almond milk
• Berries and syrup, optional but necessary

Directions

1. Mix the dry ingredients.
2. Mix the wet ingredients separately.
3. Mix these together and let sit for 10 minutes. Ladle pancakes 1/2 cup at a time onto a non-stick pan.

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