How to Substitute Flours (Published 2020) (2024)

Food|How to Substitute Flours

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/16/dining/alternative-flours-coronavirus.html

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Can’t find all-purpose flour? Out of whole-wheat? Here’s what you can use instead.

How to Substitute Flours (Published 2020) (1)

By Erin Jeanne McDowell

Baking is a science, but that doesn’t mean it’s impossible to make substitutions. With some guidance, you’ll be able to substitute different flours into a single recipe. But you’ll just want to keep a few things in mind, notably protein content and the moisture. This guide is by no means comprehensive — it may not answer your questions about oat flour — but consider it a starting off point to help you understand what you’re working with.

Tips for Successful Substitutions

  • Use a flour with a similar protein content. Protein content affects a baked good’s final texture and crumb: Treats made with higher-protein flours tend to be denser, while those made with lower-protein flours are lighter and softer.

    Here are some common flours and their protein contents:

    Whole-wheat: 14 percent

    White whole-wheat: 13 percent

    Bread: 12 to 13 percent

    Spelt: 12 to 13 percent

    All-purpose: 11 to 12 percent

    Whole-wheat pastry: 9 to 11 percent

    Pastry: 8 to 9 percent

    Cake: 6 to 8 percent

  • Substitute by weight whenever possible. If measuring by volume, carefully scooping the flour into the measuring cup, overfilling it, then leveling it off will yield a more accurate measure.

  • If substituting a flour with a higher protein content (a “stronger” flour) or lower protein content (a “softer” flour), know that the moisture of the dough or batter will most likely be affected. When a stronger flour is substituted in, it’s at risk of being too dry. Similarly, if a softer flour is used, it’s at risk of being slightly too wet. If it’s dry, add 1 teaspoon water at a time and combine. If it’s too wet, add 1 to 2 teaspoons of flour at a time until you reach your desired texture.

Substitutions by Flour Type

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Whole-Wheat Flour

Whole-wheat flour has the highest protein content on our list. For that reason, when substituting it for all-purpose, use 50 percent whole-wheat, and 50 percent of another flour, preferably all-purpose, pastry flour or spelt, to avoid a dense result. If you want to use only whole wheat, you’ll need to add more water.

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Bread Flour

At 12- to 13-percent protein content, bread flour is stronger than all-purpose flour, but it can generally be substituted for all-purpose, and vice versa. However, it’s important to remember that bread flour’s increased protein could result in a dough or batter that’s dry, so you may need to add water. Make sure not to overmix: Its higher protein content can also lead to a tougher result if not mixed in gently.

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How to Substitute Flours (Published 2020) (2024)

FAQs

Is flour from 2020 still good? ›

Long story short, yes. If your flour is really expired, the molecular structure of the powder changes and can potentially produce harmful compounds. But like many other foods, flour will remain good long past its "best by" or "better if used by" date that can be found on the original container.

What is a healthier substitute for all-purpose flour? ›

Healthiest Flours for Baking
  • Coconut flour. Coconut flour — made by milling dried coconut meat into a powder — is a grain- and gluten-free option. ...
  • Oat flour. Oat flour — made from ground-up rolled oats — is a whole-grain flour that is gluten-free. ...
  • Quinoa flour. ...
  • Buckwheat flour.
Jul 12, 2023

How to substitute bread flour for all purposes? ›

You can use all-purpose flour as a 1:1 substitute for bread flour and vice-versa. For example, for 1 cup of bread flour, you can use 1 cup of all-purpose flour. Bread and pizza crust made with all-purpose flour may have a little less chew than those made with bread flour, but the results will still be good.

What gluten-free flour is closest to regular flour? ›

Brown rice flour is about as close to a 1:1 substitute for all-purpose flour as it gets since it provides structure and a “wheat-like” flavor.

How do I substitute almond flour for all-purpose flour? ›

Almond flour can be substituted for regular flour at a 1:1 ratio. It is important to note that almond flour may require more egg to bind the flour. Check out our almond flour recipe book here for more information on a specific recipe!

Can I use 5 year old flour? ›

Refined Flour

Wheat-based refined flours usually can be used past the expiration date (up to a year at your house), especially if it's been stored in a cool, dry place. 2 You'll want to be careful about self-rising flour, though, as the baking powder that's mixed into the flour can lose its effectiveness over time.

Can I use flour 2 years out of date? ›

According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), expiration dates do not constitute safety. Expired flour can be safe to use if the flour is still good. However, flour does go bad, which you can determine from smell and appearance.

How to throw away old flour? ›

Composting or Trash

Or learn if your town has a food scrap/compost collection program curbside or at your transfer station by contact your local recycling coordinator. If composting is not an option, it goes in the trash.

What is the best anti inflammatory flour? ›

Quinoa flour is a good source of fiber and nutrients, with ½ cup providing over 30% DV of iron and a notable amount of potassium. Quinoa flour has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects, benefits gut health and improves overall health status.

Why is Italian flour better than American flour? ›

To sum up, Italian flours allow the cook to choose both the composition (gluten or protein content) and how finely ground the flour is. Italian flour grades are simply more specialized, thereby providing the cook with more choice!

Does flour go bad? ›

The finished product has a minimal amount of oils left over from the grain, which means it has a seriously long shelf life. The USDA estimates that an unopened bag of flour can sit in the pantry for up to a year after purchase, with opened bags lasting up to eight months.

What's the best flour to use for cinnamon rolls? ›

Bread flour is hands down the best option when making cinnamon rolls. Any good cinnamon rolls recipe is going to usually call for bread flour instead of other kinds of flour. This is because bread flour is high in protein, usually containing 11% to 13% more protein than other kinds of flour.

What is a substitute for all-purpose flour in muffins? ›

Pastry flour has less gluten than all-purpose flour, making it a great choice if you're making pie crust, muffins, and cake.

How do I substitute almond or coconut flour for all-purpose flour? ›

1 cup all-purpose flour = 1/4-1/3 cup coconut flour. Coconut flour can be baked at the same temperature as other recipes, no need for adjustment. The best ratio is 3:1 almond flour to coconut flour. This low carb flour substitution closely mirrors all-purpose flour without the need for additional eggs.

What to do if I don't have all-purpose flour? ›

Four All-Purpose Flour Alternatives
  1. Chickpea Flour. Relatively new to American households, chickpea flour (also called garbanzo bean flour or besan in Indian kitchens) is arguably one of my favorite ingredients. ...
  2. Rice Flour. ...
  3. Almond Flour. ...
  4. Buckwheat Flour.

Can you mix different flours for baking? ›

By combining different types of flour, you can create a blend that enhances the flavor and texture of your baked goods. For example, using a blend of cake flour and all-purpose flour can create a lighter, fluffier texture in cakes. Alternatively, using bread flour in your blend can create a chewier texture in breads.

How do I substitute all-purpose flour for plain flour? ›

Substituting Plain Flour in Your Recipes

For each cup of all-purpose flour, simply use one cup of plain flour. Keep in mind that plain flour in the UK has a slightly lower protein content, which may affect the texture of your final baked goods.

References

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